Wrong result for correlated EXISTS: equivalent INNER JOIN returns 1 but EXISTS returns 0

A correlated EXISTS query returns an incorrect result compared with an
equivalent INNER JOIN using the same predicate.

Test case:

CREATE TABLE l(x VARCHAR(1));
INSERT INTO l VALUES (' '), ('');

SELECT 'INNER_JOIN' AS q, COUNT AS n
FROM l
JOIN (SELECT '0' AS x) r
ON l.x < r.x AND l.x LIKE '';

SELECT 'EXISTS' AS q, COUNT AS n
FROM l
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM (SELECT '0' AS x) r
WHERE l.x < r.x AND l.x LIKE ''
);

Actual result:

-------------+

-------------+

-------------+

---------+

---------+

---------+

Expected result:

The EXISTS query should also return:

---------+

---------+

---------+

Reason:

The derived table on the right side contains exactly one row:

('0')

Both queries use the same matching condition:

l.x < r.x AND l.x LIKE ''

The INNER JOIN finds one matching row.

Since the right-hand side contains only one row, the corresponding EXISTS
condition should be TRUE for the same left-hand row. Therefore, counting
the rows selected by EXISTS should also produce 1.

However, MariaDB 12.3.3 returns 0 for the EXISTS form while the INNER JOIN
form returns 1.

I have not determined the root cause. The issue appears to involve the
evaluation or optimization of the correlated EXISTS predicate.

Thanks.