The reason for this is: field_conv() is only executed by the query that uses a GROUP BY.
Queries without group by do not run field_conv(), and so do not benefit from the patch.
Stacktrace of where we hit field_conv:
Breakpoint 1, field_conv (to=0xd49d618, from=0xd4978a8) at /home/psergey/dev2/5.5/sql/field_conv.cc:829
(gdb) wher
#0 field_conv (to=0xd49d618, from=0xd4978a8) at /home/psergey/dev2/5.5/sql/field_conv.cc:829
#1 0x0840c94b in save_field_in_field (from=0xd4978a8, null_value=0xd48acfb, to=0xd49d618, no_conversions=true) at /home/psergey/dev2/5.5/sql/item.cc:5795
#2 0x0840cc3a in Item_field::save_org_in_field (this=0xd48acb8, to=0xd49d618) at /home/psergey/dev2/5.5/sql/item.cc:5807
#3 0x08272910 in end_update (join=0xd48e240, join_tab=0xd48f4a0, end_of_records=false) at /home/psergey/dev2/5.5/sql/sql_select.cc:17618
#4 0x08270aef in evaluate_join_record (join=0xd48e240, join_tab=0xd48f298, error=0) at /home/psergey/dev2/5.5/sql/sql_select.cc:16496
#5 0x0827dde9 in sub_select (join=0xd48e240, join_tab=0xd48f298, end_of_records=false) at /home/psergey/dev2/5.5/sql/sql_select.cc:16277
#6 0x08281149 in do_select (join=0xd48e240, fields=0x0, table=0xd49bb18, procedure=0x0) at /home/psergey/dev2/5.5/sql/sql_select.cc:15947
#7 0x082985bd in JOIN::exec (this=0xd48e240) at /home/psergey/dev2/5.5/sql/sql_select.cc:2405
#8 0x08294034 in mysql_select (thd=0xd47f108, rref_pointer_array=0xd480d34, tables=0xd48d808, wild_num=0, fields=..., conds=0xd48dd28, og_num=4, order=0xd48e0a0, group=0xd48ded0, having=0x0, proc_param=0x0, select_options=2147748608, result=0xd48e230, unit=0xd480744, select_lex=0xd480bf4) at /home/psergey/dev2/5.5/sql/sql_select.cc:3062
Benchmark results from Axel, with a few plots added.