What do you mean "without the subselect", how does the stored procedure look in this case?

Sorry, I should have included that as well. Here's the other version of it without the subselect:

CREATE PROCEDURE `util`.`tmp_table_tester` ()
BEGIN

drop temporary table if exists tt_table;

create temporary table tt_table(id int not null);

select tt.* from tt_table tt;

END

Just to follow up on my comment from last night, I was able to reproduce this with MariaDB 5.5.27.

Reproducible as described. MTR-formatted test case:

--delimiter |
CREATE PROCEDURE p ()
BEGIN
select A.* from ( select tt.* from t1 tt ) A ;
END |
--delimiter ;

drop temporary table if exists t1;
create temporary table if not exists t1 (id int not null);

CALL p();
CALL p();

1. End of the test case

It fails on the 2nd CALL p() with
query 'CALL p()' failed: 1146: Table 'test.t1' doesn't exist

MariaDB 5.2.14, MySQL 5.5.32, Percona 5.5.29 all return the correct result.

Remarkably, it also fails with a prepared statement, even on the first execution of one:

drop temporary table if exists t1;
create temporary table if not exists t1 (id int not null);

prepare stmt from "select A.* from ( select tt.* from t1 tt ) A ";
execute stmt;

1. end of test

At line 6: query 'execute stmt' failed: 1146: Table 'test.t1' doesn't exist

It also works all right on MySQL.

SELECT_LEX::mark_as_belong_to_derived set the flag (Why?)

The patch committed to review.

Pushed to 5.3