I experience the same on MariaDB 10.3 and I have seen it before on other versions.
I think this has to do with network instability and frequent IST on clusters that are actively used. Somehow, if the write node gets disconnected a lot, it ends up in this state thinking it is inconsistent. Each time I ran into it I tried to find out if it really was inconsistent, but the few transactions that I checked to verify consistency were correct: The modified row was the same in the entire cluster, and the same row was present on all cluster nodes.
My guess is that IST succeeded but this did not get stored as succeeded in grastate.dat and/or inoodb transactional galera status.
Support of 10.0-galera has ended.