I do the same test on mysql, the performance is good, but mariadb performance is bad.
when i use a connection to test, the query cost about 0.3s, incresce to 20 connections, the query cost about 10s.

when not run perofrmance, exec query, it cost 0.333s :

when run performance, exec query, it cost 11.753s:
sys cpu high:

Which MySQL version was your test comparison?

Can you include EXPLAIN {query on both the MySQL and MariaDB case?

As images I"m having trouble seeing the difference between the two queries. Can you clarify this as text please.

How much of your table matches f_type=3? And f_accessor_id in ...?

What is in ANALYZE FORMAT=JSON query

mysql version: 5.7.25
mariadb version: 10.4.25

two querys is same: select f_doc_id, bit_or(case f_type when 1 then f_perm_value else 0 end) denyvalue, bit_or(case f_type when 2 then f_perm_value else 0 end) allowvalue, bit_or(case f_type when 3 then 1 else 0 end) disable_inherit from t_acs_test where ( f_type=3 or f_accessor_id in ('502af418-a102-11ec-9ba0-965ca20af9fc','c863e4cc-a101-11ec-9ba0-965ca20af9fc','cb18b846-a101-11ec-9ba0-965ca20af9fc','cb756816-a101-11ec-9ba0-965ca20af9fc','cc62c070-a101-11ec-9ba0-965ca20af9fc') ) group by f_doc_id

explain on mariadb:

explain on mysql:

the table size is 102917 rows, the query return about 3w

when not run mysqlslap performance test, analyze format=json result ：

when run mysqlslap performance test, analyze format=json result ：

table definition：
CREATE TABLE `t_acs_test` (
`f_primary_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`f_doc_id` text COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`f_accessor_id` char(40) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`f_accessor_name` varchar(150) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`f_accessor_type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`f_type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`f_perm_value` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
`f_end_time` bigint(20) DEFAULT -1,
`f_modify_time` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
`f_create_time` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`f_primary_id`),
KEY `t_perm_f_doc_id_index` (`f_doc_id`(120)),
KEY `t_perm_f_accessor_id_index` (`f_accessor_id`),
KEY `t_perm_f_accessor_type_index` (`f_accessor_type`),
KEY `t_perm_f_type_index` (`f_type`),
KEY `t_perm_f_end_time_index` (`f_end_time`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB