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As noted in MDEV-17816, ALTER TABLE fails to enforce the column index prefix size limit in ALGORITHM=INPLACE.
The operation can fail, but in a different way than ALGORITHM=COPY would. Here is an example of a failure:
--source include/have_innodb.inc
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SET @save_format = @@GLOBAL.innodb_file_format;
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SET @save_prefix = @@GLOBAL.innodb_large_prefix;
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SET GLOBAL innodb_file_format=barracuda;
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SET GLOBAL innodb_large_prefix=ON;
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CREATE TABLE t1 (c VARCHAR(1024),
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c1 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,c2 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,c3 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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c4 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,c5 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,c6 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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c7 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,c8 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,c9 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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ca CHAR(255) NOT NULL,cb CHAR(255) NOT NULL,cc CHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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cd CHAR(255) NOT NULL,ce CHAR(255) NOT NULL,cf CHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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d0 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,d1 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,d2 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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d3 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,d4 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,d5 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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d6 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,d7 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,d8 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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d9 CHAR(255) NOT NULL,da CHAR(255) NOT NULL,db CHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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dc CHAR(255) NOT NULL,dd CHAR(255) NOT NULL,de CHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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UNIQUE KEY(c))
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ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
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INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
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(repeat('a',999),'','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''),
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(CONCAT(repeat('a',999),'b'),'','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','');
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--enable_info
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ALTER TABLE t1 ROW_FORMAT=REDUNDANT;
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--disable_info
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SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t1;
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CHECK TABLE t1;
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DROP TABLE t1;
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SET GLOBAL innodb_file_format=@save_format;
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SET GLOBAL innodb_large_prefix=@save_prefix;
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10.0 14f6b0cdfd696ec0e4f24d914fc3123deaece2f6
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mysqltest: At line 24: query 'ALTER TABLE t1 ROW_FORMAT=REDUNDANT' failed: 1118: Row size too large. The maximum row size for the used table type, not counting BLOBs, is 8126. This includes storage overhead, check the manual. You have to change some columns to TEXT or BLOBs
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The expected failure is as follows:
mysqltest: At line 24: query 'ALTER TABLE t1 ROW_FORMAT=REDUNDANT' failed: 1709: Index column size too large. The maximum column size is 767 bytes.
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