Notes for reproducing issue MDEV-41194 created by Edward and Koustuv:

Create a vm with two disks. One small disk mounted /var/log/mysql

cat /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/zz.cnf
[mariadb]
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 536870912 # 512 MB
innodb_log_buffer_size = 33554432 #32 MB
log_error = /var/log/mysql/mariadb.err
bind_address = 192.168.8.155
port = 3306
server_id = 1
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin
log_bin_trust_function_creators = ON
event_scheduler = ON
max_statement_time = 10

mariadb -Ae "flush binary logs; show binary logs;"

cd /var/log/mysql

df $PWD
Filesystem     1K-blocks  Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1        1012140   652    942728   1% /var/log/mysql

Seeing the Available space, fill it up almost completely with dd
root@db:/var/log/mysql$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/log/mysql/dd.txt bs=1k count=942680
942680+0 records in
942680+0 records out
965304320 bytes (965 MB, 921 MiB) copied, 1.28175 s, 753 MB/s
root@db:/var/log/mysql$ df $PWD
Filesystem     1K-blocks   Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1        1012140 943336        44 100% /var/log/mysql


for i in {1..33}; do  mariadb < /root/setup_vm/MY_DB/ROWS_ON_MY_DB_TABLE.sql; df /var/log/mysql; done
Note, the ROWS_ON_MY_DB_TABLE.sql script does one insert and one update. See script below at bottom of this text file.

While the for loop is running, from a separate session remove the large file
cd /var/log/mysql
rm dd.txt

mariadb -Ae "flush binary logs; show binary logs;"

root@db:/var/log/mysql$ mariadb-binlog --verify-binlog-checksum mariadb-bin.000012 1>/dev/null
ERROR: Error in Log_event::read_log_event(): 'Event crc check failed! Most likely there is event corruption.', data_len: 257, event_type: 2
ERROR: Could not read entry at offset 48907: Error in log format or read error.

use MY_DB;

delimiter //
begin not atomic
  declare low int;
  declare high int;
  declare my_note varchar(100);
  declare my_int int;
--  FOR ii IN 0..999
--  DO
  set my_note=concat('I ',trim(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(substr(concat(md5(rand()),md5(rand()),md5(rand())),1,70),0,' '),1,' '),2,'m'),3,'q'),4,'r'),5,'v'),6,'w'),7,'j'),8,'p'),9,' '),'  ',' '),'  ',' ')),'.');
  insert into `MY_DB_TABLE` (NOTE) VALUES (my_note);
  select min(ID) into low from MY_DB_TABLE;
  select max(ID) into high from MY_DB_TABLE;
  set my_int=FLOOR(low + RAND() * (high - low + 1));
  set my_note=concat('U ',trim(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(substr(concat(md5(rand()),md5(rand()),md5(rand())),1,70),0,' '),1,' '),2,'g'),3,'h'),4,'i'),5,'k'),6,'t'),7,'x'),8,'z'),9,' '),'  ',' '),'  ',' ')),'.');
  update MY_DB_TABLE set NOTE=my_note, ROW_UPDATED=current_timestamp() where ID=my_int;
--  DO SLEEP(1);
commit;
--  END FOR;

end;
//
delimiter ;



/*
CREATE TABLE `MY_DB_TABLE` (
  `ID` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `NOTE` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  `ROW_CREATED` datetime DEFAULT current_timestamp(),
  `ROW_UPDATED` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=791 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COLLATE=latin1_general_cs;
*/