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  1. MariaDB Server
  2. MDEV-23018

Database corruption involving an index on a virtual column and a charset change

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Details

    • Bug
    • Status: Confirmed (View Workflow)
    • Major
    • Resolution: Unresolved
    • 10.4.13, 10.4, 10.5
    • 10.4, 10.5
    • Virtual Columns
    • None
    • Ubuntu 18.04 x86_64

    Description

      First off, sorry that I can't narrow this bug down further - for one thing, I'm not an expert on the internals of mariadb, and also, when I tried reducing the reproduction code further it started exhibiting "heisenbug" behaviour, vanishing intermittently. The code below always managed to trigger the bug though.

      A little bit of background first: The use case here is a table (TableA) with "versioned" data. The ValidTo column represents the end of validity of a particular entry and is set to '2099-12-31' for the active (currently valid) entries (there can be multiple). In order to allow having a unique constraint that only checks among the active entries, I introduced the ActiveOrNull column which is 1 for active rows, and null for inactive ones. Since unique keys don't see values as duplicate as long as one column is null, tagging this column to the end of a unique key will "weaken" that key to only consider collisions among active rows.

      CREATE TABLE `TableB`
      (
          `Id` int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
      ) ENGINE = InnoDB;
       
      CREATE TABLE `TableA`
      (
          `Id`           int          NOT NULL,
          `TableBId`     int          NOT NULL,
          `Name`         varchar(255) CHARSET utf8 NOT NULL,
          `ValidTo`      datetime     NOT NULL,
          `ActiveOrNull` TINYINT(1) AS (CASE WHEN `ValidTo` < '2099-01-01' THEN NULL ELSE 1 END) VIRTUAL,
          PRIMARY KEY (`Id`),
          UNIQUE KEY `uk_a_TableA_TableBId` (`TableBId`, `ActiveOrNull`),
          CONSTRAINT `fk_TableA_TableB` FOREIGN KEY (`TableBId`) REFERENCES `TableB` (`Id`)
      ) ENGINE = InnoDB;
       
      ALTER TABLE `TableA`
          MODIFY `Name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_german2_ci NOT NULL;
       
      BEGIN;
      INSERT INTO TableB (Id) VALUES (54321);
      INSERT INTO TableA (Id, TableBId, Name, ValidTo) VALUES (12345, 54321, 'SomeName', '2099-12-31');
      COMMIT;
       
      BEGIN;
      DELETE FROM TableA WHERE Id = 12345;
      DELETE FROM TableB WHERE Id = 54321;
      

      At this point, the following error is returned:

      Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`buergerkonto`.`TableA`, CONSTRAINT `fk_TableA_TableB` FOREIGN KEY (`TableBId`) REFERENCES `TableB` (`Id`))

      This is unexpected - didn't we just delete the only row which might have referred to that one? Let's roll back and look at the data:

      ROLLBACK;
       
      SELECT * FROM TableA WHERE TableBId = 54321;
      

      +-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------+
      | Id    | TableBId | Name     | ValidTo             | ActiveOrNull |
      +-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------+
      | 12345 |    54321 | SomeName | 2099-12-31 00:00:00 |            1 |
      | 12345 |    54321 | SomeName | 2099-12-31 00:00:00 |            1 |
      +-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------+
      2 rows in set (0.001 sec)
      

      Whoops, we're getting two rows with the same primary key! From what I can make out, this looks like a corruption in the uk_a_TableA_TableBId index, because querying the table via the primary key looks fine:

      SELECT * FROM TableA;
      +-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------+
      | Id    | TableBId | Name     | ValidTo             | ActiveOrNull |
      +-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------+
      | 12345 |    54321 | SomeName | 2099-12-31 00:00:00 |            1 |
      +-------+----------+----------+---------------------+--------------+
      1 row in set (0.001 sec)
      

      I'm not sure how best to work around this issue since I don't really undestand what is going on. Removing the ALTER TABLE makes the problem disappear. Turning the VIRTUAL column into a PERSISTENT one also makes the problem disappear, and is probably what I'll do for now. I'd feel safer knowing that it's an actual solution though.

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              bar Alexander Barkov
              medo Simeon Maxein
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                Updated:

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